वैदिकविज्ञान एवं चारित्र्य गवेषणा केन्द्र ।

 

Charaka Centre for Research Oriented Vedic Science & Technology.

 

 

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: Though it is widely acknowledged that Bharat had a glorious past, due to various historical reasons, we had lost our glory. The Macaulayan education system tried to shatter our dignity and encouraged us to feel proud to be slaves of the West. With the present revival of our ancient knowledge systems, it is proposed to introduce some Research Oriented Vedic Science & Technology programs for creation of industry fit and entrepreneurial human resources for improving quality of life, the standard of living, all-round development, wellbeing and social good. At the core of this framework is a learner-centered development paradigm that intricately weaves curriculum enhancement with new knowledge systems from ancient Bharat. It is embodied in a strategic framework designed to advance excellence, inclusivity, and innovation across all facets of the educational landscape, in alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) and all applicable regulatory requirements.

 

When Charaka went to his teacher for the first time, the teacher told him to bring three leaves that were totally useless. He studied the properties of leaves and brought three leaves that he thought was useless. But the teacher explained the properties of those leaves and told him to bring three other leaves. This continued till finally Charaka reached his teacher and told that he failed to get three leaves that were totally useless. Then the teacher declared that his education is now complete. This is the Research Oriented method. Since then, the saying goes:

 

अमन्त्रमक्षरं नास्ति नास्ति मूलमनौषधम् ।

अयोग्यः पुरुषो नास्ति योजकस्तत्र दुर्लभः ॥

 

There is no letter that cannot be used as a mantra, no plant that cannot be used as a medicine. There is no person, who is totally unworthy. What is lacking is an “enabler” one, who could put each to its proper use. The Charaka Centre for Research Oriented Vedic Science & Technology should act as the Enabler One.

 

All our ancient texts beign with what is known as the Four Preliminary Conditions: अनुबन्धचतुष्टयम्. .

 

विषयश्चाधिकारी च ग्रन्थस्य च प्रयोजनम् ।

सम्बन्धश्च चतुर्थोऽस्तीत्यनुबन्धचतुष्टयम् ॥

 

These Four Preliminary Conditions are the subject, the necessity (benefit out) of reading it, how reading the subject will fulfill the expected necessity, and who has the potential to benefit most from this subject. Since presently there is a dearth of qualified teachers on Vedic knowledge, all Vedic teachers focus only on its non-scientific and spiritual aspects and are ignorant of Vedic science except Ayurveda and Astronomy, it is proposed to initiate a collaborative effort to establish a research guided program for making the students self-sufficient for starting on their own. The objectives include vocational exposure, such as:

 

1. Development of project and its execution

2. Decision-making

3. Confidence development

4. Working/coordinating in a team

5. Creative and critical thinking and problem-solving

6. Ethical values

7. Professional development

8. Understand government/local bodies world of work

 

Apart from gaining relevant research experience, the interns would learn the following, through research professionals/mentors:

● Ideation and conceptualization of a research question/problem.

● Learning about ancient tools and handling of equipment.

● Experimentation and collection of necessary data.

● Simulations and development of models to be used in start-ups.

● Preparation and presentation of reports.

The program will be for 3 years Degree Course or 4-year degree (Honors with Research) with two Semesters each. While the first two papers will be vertical and common to all, the other six papers will be taught laterally in three groups of two each, over the next two years to complete the Graduation Course, after which, they can go for PG or further Research. Those who opt for the PG Course, will be given research driven projects for creating entrepreneurship.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIST OF COURSES

 

The following courses may be credited under the categories mentioned in the Table below:

 

Sl. No.	Course Code	Course Title	L	D	O	P	Credits	Categories
								OC	AS	DA	EI
1	VST101C	Basic Sanskrit & Physics								
2	VST102C	Mathematics: (Shulba Sootram, Leelavati. Ganita Sara Samgraha).								
3	VST103E	PHYSICS: (Nyayasootram. Kanada Sootram / Prashastapada Bhashyam).								
4	VST104E	Bharatiya Jyotisha Siddhanta Vs Astronomy.								
5	VST105E	Ancient Mettalurgy									
6	VST 106E	Ancient Bharatiya Rasayana Shastra									
7	VST107E	Other Ancient Bharatiya Technology.									
8	VST108E	IT (Ashtadhyayee, Pratishakhyas).									

 

Compulsory (C); Elective (E); Open Compulsory (OC); Analysis & Synthesis (AS); Digital/Automation Technologies (DA); Entrepreneurship Innovation (EI).

 

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

 

The effort to be put in by the student daily is indicated in the tables below as follows:

L: Lecture/ग्रहण (One unit is of two-hour duration)

D: Discussion on the Lecture with the Teacher for total understanding/धारण (One unit is of one-hour duration)

O: Outside the class Group study & Report/पारायण (One unit is of two-hour duration).

P: Practical (One unit is of two-hour duration, where needed)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

VST101C: BASIC SANSKRIT/PHYSICS.

 

Pre-requisites: Knowledge of Physics/Sanskrit up to Higher Secondary level or equivalent.

 

L          D         O        P          C

                                                3

 

Total Lecture Sessions: 

 

INTRODUCTION:

 

Of late, there has been a great interest both in Bharat and among the international community, for not only about the Sanskrit language, but also traditional Vedic knowledge. This has been primarily due to the fact that a vast majority of Ancient Bharatiya Wisdom remains buried in various texts that are written in Sanskrit. The British discouraged its spread, as is evidenced by the book A History of Sanskrit Literature written 125 years ago by Arthur A McDonnel. In the beginning of the book he writes, “After Alexander’s invasion, the Greeks became to some extent acquainted with the learning of Indians; the Arabs in the Middle Ages, introduced the knowledge of Indian science to the West…”. He adds, the Ezour Vedam, a book brought to Europe and commented by Voltair was a forgery in the seventh century by a Jesuit missionary”. He says: Dugald Stewart wrote that “not only Sanskrit Literature, but the language itself was forged by crafty Brahmins”.  He goes on to say: Recently, this view collapsed and it was realized that the knowledge contained in these texts is very valuable and has great potential for contemporary applications.

 

The book Vakyapadeeyam by Bhartuhari started the branch called Linguistics and the structure and the syntax of the language brought out by Panini is being used by the modern-day computer scientists and linguistic researchers. Microsoft has translated Taittiriya Pratishakhya and using it for programming. Most of modern science, starting from Newton’s Laws, were copied from Padartha Dharma Sangraha. Most of modern science are without a proper foundation and can be rectified by Kanada Sootram.

 

This course addresses the above aspects, by developing a first level understanding of the Vedic Science & Technology, and is primarily designed to take the first step to integrate Vedic Science and Technology with modern science, mathematics, metallurgy and Communication Technology / Computer programming using Sanskrit as the base.

 

Pedagogical Approach:

 

This course will introduce Vedic Science to modern science students and modern science to Vedic students, which can provide the necessary foundation to start converging ancient texts through a team effort approach and their translations to modern texts to make greater sense of the ideas expressed therein and present new text books for the future generation. The focus is on lecture followed by discussion leading the learner progressively to understand both and make joint research papers for posterity. In a nutshell, the pedagogical approach is to teach-learn-report Vedic Science and Technology through convergence of both streams.

 

Course Objectives:

• Develop a practical working knowledge of Sanskrit language among science students and modern science knowledge among Sanskrit students.
• Develop an appreciation of the potential of Vedic science and technology for greater good.
• Rewrite modern physics with the help of Vedic physics and develop natural pollution-free methods in various technological fields for sustainable development.

• Create text books and Faculties for future studies.

 

 

References:

1.     Concepts of Physics - Volume 1 & 2 by R C Verma.

2.     NCERT text books for Sanskrit. Free download.

3.     Panchatantram.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

VST103C: MATHEMATICS: SHULBA SOOTRAM, LEELAVATI, GANITA SARA SAMGRAHA.

 

Pre-requisites: NIL.

 

L          D         O        P          C

                                                3

 

Total Lecture Sessions: 

 

Course Objective:

 

Mathematics, referred to as Gaṇita, is an integral part of our civilization from very ancient times. It started as early as the Shrautasootrams in the form of Shulba Sootram. Four Shulba Sootram are available. Siddhanta part of the Vedanga called Jyotish are mathematical treatises. The Vedanga called Nirukta deals with the etymology of numbers. Books like Ganita Sara Samgraha, Leelavati and Bija Ganita etc., deal with mathematics and algebra. Narada Purana deals with mathematics also. The Vedanga called Chhanda has mathematics. Meruprastara or Prastarapankti of the Chhanda Shastra is now known as Pascal’s Triangle.

 

The validity of a mathematical statement is judged by its logical consistency. Most of modern mathematics is not logically consistent. It is more of manipulatics than mathematics. One example is tensor. A tensor is an algebraic object that describes a multilinear relationship between sets of algebraic objects related to a vector space. They are most useful in connection with vectors in physics. Are fields vectors? If so, Vector quantities have two characteristics, a magnitude and a direction. Do fields have magnitude and direction? It is contrary to observation. They do not have a value for each point in space and time. There is nothing as one dimensional. The other two dimensions exist and have a non-zero value, though it might be small. If a 1-dimensional (rank-1) tensor field exists, then there must be n-dimensional (rank-n) tensor fields. There are no examples of (rank- 2, 3, 4, etc.) tensor fields.

 

Numbers are properties of everything that exist, by which we differentiate between similars. If there are no similars, it is one. If there are similars, it is not-one or many, which can be 2, 3, …. n, depending upon the sequential increase by one at each step. Complex numbers have no physical existence – hence cannot be used as numbers. Though it is used in some fields, it could have alternative explanations. Brute force approach and renormalization are not mathematics. And so on. Modern mathematics doesn’t satisfy the test of logical consistency, based on abstraction and needs to be discarded.

 

Mathematics depicts only the quantitative aspect of physics. Hence it is not the sole language of physics. Over-dependence on mathematics is harming modern physics. Hence, there is a need to come out of the clutches of modern manipulatics and stick to mathematics.

 

Course Outcomes:

• Explain the number theory and mathematics that satisfy logical consistency test.
• Explain the key features of Numeral System and ancient Bharatiya mathematics.
• Compare Bharatiya Mathematics with modern mathematics to weed out superfluous manipulations.

 

 

References:

• Shulba Sootras.
• Ganita Sara Samgraha.
• Leelavati.
• Beejaganita.
• Pati Ganita.
• Chhanda Ganita.
• Narada Purana (Ganita Part).
• Mensuration in Ancient India by Saradha Srinivasan.
• Vaidic Theory of numbers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

VST102E: PHYSICS: NYAYASOOTRAM, KANADA SOOTRAM,

PRASHASTAPADA BHASHYAM.

 

Pre-requisites: NIL.

 

L          D         O        P          C

                                                3

 

Total Lecture Sessions: 

 

Course Objective: Vedic science has three divisions: Material Science (physically perceptible) called Kshara - क्षर, Fundamental energy (not directly perceptible, but inferred through its effect on matter) called Akshara - अक्षर, and Conscious/Behavioral science called Avyaya - अव्यय. The first is dealt with in Kanada Sootram and its commentaries – principally, Prashastapada Bhashyam. From Newton’s Laws to Relativity to Quantum physics are found in these texts in a more advanced format. Sankhya deals with science of the quarks (Quantum Chromodynamics).

 

The validity of a physical statement is judged by its correspondence to reality. Almost all of modern developments in Physics are fiction based and do not correspond to reality. The concept of extra-dimensions started based on a fiction: FLAT LANDS, written in late nineteenth century. Even after more than a century, any extra dimension is yet to be discovered. Yet, String theory, M-theory and many others use 26, 11 or 10 dimensions. Till date, there is no theory of gravity that is free from all contradictions. Modern science uses such imaginary concepts as gravitons, strings, foams, etc. Modern concepts of field, mass, time, collapse, uncertainty, etc., are outright wrong interpretations without a precise definition.

 

The hierarchy problem or the cosmological constant problem is mind boggling. The gravitational constant G is now known to be a variable with a periodicity of 5.93 years on Earth. The charge of proton is now known to be less in magnitude than that of an electron. The neutron is now known to be not charge neutral, but has a little negative charge. A paper on Vedic science available on the net has solved the problem.

 

Course Outcomes:

 

CO1: Research Methodology of Nyaya Sootram.

CO2: Discover the knowledge of Kanada Sootram.

CO3: Compare it with modern science for convergence.

CO4: Explain the Vedic classification and explanation & research methodology of Nyaya.

CO5: Outline the vastness of Vedic Science. Explain the need to revise modern physics.

CO6: Prepare reports for future reference.

 

References:

1.         Nyaya Sootram with commentary by Vatsayana..

2.         Kanada Sootram, Upaskara Vritti,

3.         Prashastapada Bhashyam, Nyaya Kandali Tika.

4.         Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics by V.K. Mittal

 

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VST104E: BHARATIYA JYOTISHA SIDDHANTA VS ASTRONOMY.

 

Pre-requisites: NIL.

 

L          D         O        P          C

                                                3

 

Total Lecture Sessions: 

 

Course Objective: Surya Siddanta is a book of astronomy, which deals with celestial dynamics and orbital mathematics. The predictions of Surya Siddhanta are valid even today. It is more accurate tha modern celestial dynamics.

 

Brihat Samhita describes the effect of the celestial bodies on Earth. It includes prediction for rains and techniques for finding ground water.

 

CO1: Celestial dynamics and its mathematics.

CO2: Basic elements of the Bharatiya calendar and the components of Bharatiya Panchanga

 

Highlights of Bharatiya Astronomy:  Historical development of astronomy in Bharat -  The Celestial Coordinate System - Astronomical terminologies - Equinotical points, precession of eqinoxes, movable and fixed zodiac - Elements of the Bharatiya Calendar - Panchanga.

 

 

References:

1. Soorya Siddhanta.
2. Maha Siddhanta.
3. Brihat Samhita.
4. Siddhanta Darpana.
5. Indian Astronomy: An introduction by S Balachandra Rao.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IK3005E VST105E: ANCIENT METTALURGY.

 

Pre-requisites: NIL.

 

L          D         O        P          C

                                                3

 

Total Lecture Sessions: 

 

Course Objective: Relevance of ancient Bharatiya science and technology - Difference between ancient technology and modern technology - Ancient Bharatiya Scientific methods - Glimpses of ancient Bharatiya science and technology.

 

Introduction: Vaimanika Shastra is a part of a bigger work called Yantra Sarvaswa written by Maharshi Bharadwaja. The text deals with space travel. It describes the Interplanetary Superhighways, the space condition, the needs of the space traveler, designing the various parts of the spacecraft, metallurgy and other techniques, and how to assemble various parts to make different types of spacecrafts. The technology is green. Though it is very difficult to interpret the text in the absence of some other texts, which are not available, there is plenty of scope for research with the available text to  examine new processes for metallurgy.

 

Mining and ore extraction: Time-line of the Evolution of Materials - Metals and metallurgy - Alchemy, gold extraction process, extraction of zinc, copper mining and extraction process, production of mercury, lead and silver; Iron making and craftsmanship – Smelting of iron, extraction of iron by Ayurvedic method, manufacture of steel, Wootz steel technology, metals for aircraft, apparatuses used for extraction of metallic components. There is a wealth of knowledge and wisdom in ancient literature, that if tapped, can lead to higher levels of learning. Ancient Bharat’s contributions to mining, metal-working, metallurgy, material science, are noteworthy. It has been found that ancient Indian technology is sustainable and environment-friendly.

 

Bharatiya science and technology heritage: Metals and metalworking - Mining and ore extraction - Extraction of iron from Biotite by indigenous techniques - Manufacture of steel - Lost wax casting of idols and artefacts - Tools employed for extraction of metallic components. This course provides an introduction to ancient science and technology that can be adapted in the modern world. Students undergoing this course will be able to appreciate the scientific ideas and technical skills of ancient Bharat, thereby explore new paradigms. 

 

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Outline the relevance of ancient science, engineering & technology heritage of Bharat.

CO2: Explain the methods of mining and manufacturing of materials in ancient Bharat. 

 

References:

1. Vaimanika Shastra.
2. Rasa Jala Nidhi. Volumes I, II  & III (Chapters relating to metals).
3. Bag, A. K., 1997, History of Technology in India, Vol. I, Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi.
4. Bose, D.N., Sen, S.N. and Subbarayappa, B. V., 2009, A Concise History of Science in India, Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi.

 

VST106E: ANCIENT BHARATIYA RASAYANA SHASTRA.

 

Pre-requisites: NIL.

 

L          D         O        P          C

                                                3

 

Total Lecture Sessions: 

 

Course Objective: Bharat had a highly advanced chemical knowledge codified in different texts. Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray had written about it in two volumes. He had set up Bengal Chemical to produce many useful products, whose quality is legendary. There is potential to revive this tradition. This can lead to entrepreneurship.

 

 

 

References:

1.         A History of Hindu Chemistry, Vol. I by Prafulla Chandra Ray.

2.         A history of Hindu chemistry, Vol. II by Prafulla Chandra Ray.

3.         Rasaratnasamuchchaya_of_Vagbhatacharya.

4.         Rasa-Tantra-Sara.

5.         Rasarnavam.

6.         Rasa Jala Nidhi. Volumes I to III (Chapters relating to other than metals).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

VST107E: OTHER ANCIENT BHARATIYA TECHNOLOGY.

 

Pre-requisites: NIL.

 

L          D         O        P          C

                                                3

 

Total Lecture Sessions: 

 

Course Objective: Bharat had a highly advanced knowledge base codified in different texts. This can lead to entrepreneurship.

 

Non-metals manufacturing: Glass making, Bead making Techniques, Ceramic Technology, Paper manufacturing process, Dyes and painting technology, Binders and glues.

 

Water harvesting technology and agriculture: Methods of conserving rain water - Irrigation systems; Historical Overview of Ancient Indian Agriculture - Kṛṣiḥ Pārāśaraḥ - Traditional farming practices in India - Maintenance of soil productivity - Indigenous seed conservation and preservation - Examples of traditional knowledge and practices.

 

Herbal remedies are high in demand. The students can grow these herbs and sell it to manufacturers of herbal medicines.

 

Ayurvedic Formulations are greatly in demand. These formulations have a big market.

 

Ayurvedic food and sweet dishes is very much in demand. It can be a big business.

 

 

References:

1. Rasa Jala Nidhi. Volumes I to III (Chapters relating to other than metals).
2. Rasamanjari Vaidyaka.
3. Ratna Deepika.
4. Indian Herbal Remedies by C P Khare.
5. Materia Medica of the Hindus by Udoy Chand Dutt.
6. Paaka Darpana of Raja Nala.
7. Paaka Pradeepah by Ravidatta.
8. Paaka Chandrika by Manirama Sharma.
9. Madhura Rasa.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

VST108E: ASHTADHYAYEE, PRATISHAKHYA & IT.

 

Pre-requisites: NIL.

 

L          D         O        P          C

                                                3

 

Total Lecture Sessions: 

 

Introduction: The future demands more from information and communication technology. English language and the programming using English language like commands have been used for long.  Now it is time to learn and explore the possibilities of Sanskrit as a programming language and also the language of ICT. The world over Ashtadhyayi is considered as the best reference book for devising computer language. Pratishakhyas are Vedic grammar that are suitable for being used in developing higher computer language. Modern researchers have taken the concept from our ancient texts and used it in English programming languages.

 

Course Objective: This course aims to teach the students the basics of computing, the assembly language, and prepare students for a career in computer applications as well as IT support by training them in the core and emerging areas of computer applications using Sanskrit and other Bharatiya language.

 

Pedagogical Approach: They will also be taught new code “Sanskriti” which has been designed for Sanskrit, how a device has been made using this code, and how a new operating system based on this code called Upamedha has been developed. The students will do practical using  “Sankhya translation modeling language” and how to take it forward by making the complete stack of “Sanskrit Operating system for Indian language (SOIL)” which will be much more powerful than the present operating systems. This will be phonetic from start and the computer will be booted and do multiple tasks by Sanskrit Shlokas. This will communicate machines, human brains and also celestial objects with sound as a medium.

 

References:

1. Ashtadhyayi
2. Taittareeya Praatishakhya.
3.